Generic names ending in "-sartan", such as losartan and valsartan, identify which drug class?
- Proton pump inhibitors
- Beta-adrenergic blocking agents
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers
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D. Angiotensin II receptor blockers
The -sartan stem marks angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). ACE inhibitors act on the same hormone system and treat the same conditions, but their names end in -pril.
Reference: Drug nomenclature stems: -sartan
A patient mentions a persistent dry cough that began after starting a new blood pressure medication. Which of these drugs is the most likely cause?
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Amlodipine
- Losartan
- Lisinopril
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D. Lisinopril
A dry, nagging cough is a well-known side effect of ACE inhibitors such as lisinopril. Losartan is tempting because it works on the same system, but ARBs are much less likely to cause cough and are often used as the alternative. The technician should refer the patient to the pharmacist.
Reference: ACE inhibitor adverse effects
Albuterol inhalers (ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA) belong to which class?
- Inhaled corticosteroid anti-inflammatories
- Leukotriene receptor antagonists
- Short-acting beta-2 agonist bronchodilators
- Long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilators
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C. Short-acting beta-2 agonist bronchodilators
Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist used as a rescue inhaler to open the airways quickly. Inhaled corticosteroids such as fluticasone are controller medications that reduce inflammation over time and do not relieve an acute attack.
Reference: Top 200 drugs: respiratory agents