Airway and ventilation, cardiology and resuscitation, trauma, medical emergencies, obstetrics and paediatrics, and EMS operations at the EMT scope of practice.
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How do you choose the right size of oropharyngeal airway?
Measure from the tip of the nose to the earlobe
Measure from the chin to the top of the breastbone
Match the diameter to the patient's little finger
Measure from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe
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D. Measure from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe
An oral airway is sized from the corner of the mouth to the earlobe (or angle of the jaw). Nose to earlobe is the measurement for a nasopharyngeal airway, the most common mix-up.
Reference: National EMS Education Standards (EMT): Airway management, respiration and artificial ventilation; airway adjuncts
A patient with chest pain says it gets worse when he walks and eases when he sits still. Which part of OPQRST does this answer?
Quality of the pain
Region and radiation of pain
Provocation or palliation
Onset of the pain
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C. Provocation or palliation
The P in OPQRST asks what makes the complaint worse (provocation) or better (palliation). Onset asks what the patient was doing when it began, which is a different question from what changes the pain now.
Reference: National EMS Education Standards (EMT): History taking, OPQRST
Two EMTs are performing CPR on a 5-year-old child. What compression-to-breath ratio should they use?
15 compressions to 2 breaths
30 compressions to 2 breaths
3 compressions to 1 breath
5 compressions to 1 breath
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A. 15 compressions to 2 breaths
With two rescuers, infants and children get 15 compressions to 2 breaths, which delivers more breaths because their arrests usually start with a breathing problem. A lone rescuer uses 30 to 2; 3 to 1 is for newborns.
Reference: AHA 2025 Guidelines for CPR and ECC, pediatric basic life support
What aspirin dose is commonly given to an adult with chest pain suggestive of a heart attack?
81 mg, swallowed whole
162 to 324 mg, chewed
650 mg, swallowed whole
1,000 mg, chewed
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B. 162 to 324 mg, chewed
The usual dose is two to four 81 mg chewable tablets (162 to 324 mg), chewed so the drug is absorbed quickly. A single 81 mg tablet is a daily preventive dose, not the emergency dose.
Reference: National EMS Education Standards (EMT): Pharmacology, aspirin; AHA acute coronary syndrome guidance
A woman who is 36 weeks pregnant feels faint and her blood pressure drops when lying on her back. How should you position her?
Flat with legs raised
On her left side
Sitting bolt upright
Face down on the cot
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B. On her left side
Lying flat lets the heavy uterus press on the large vein returning blood to the heart. Turning her onto the left side moves the uterus off the vein and restores blood flow.
Reference: National EMS Education Standards (EMT): Special patient populations, obstetrics; supine hypotensive syndrome